Turbine



Jan.y 5, 1937.

A. LYsHoLM TURBINE Filed June 24, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lg? f, Wim/f aATTO Patented Jan. 5, 1937 PATENT OFFICE TUBBINE All Lysholm, Stockholm,Sweden, assigner to Aktiebolaget Milo, Stockholm, Sweden, a jointstockcompany of Sweden Application June 24, 1932. serial N`o. 619,09: InGermany September 14, 1931 24 Claims.' (Cl. GII-4l.)

The present invention relates to turbines adaptedto be operated by hightemperature motive uids such as very highly super-heated steam and/orcombustion gases. More particularly the invention relates 'to turbineshaving central admission of motive uid to the blading of the turbine andstill more particularly, the invention relates to turbines of the radialflow type.

As is well known, increases in the power and eiiiciency of turbines maybe obtained by increasing the temperature range through which the motivefluid is expanded and in order to increase this temperature range it hasbeen proposed to utilize motive uids having extremely high inltialtemperatures. The maximum initial temperature is, however. limited bythe ability of the turbine parts to withstand-the initial temperature ofthe motive uid and in order to protect parts contacted by the motive uidat initial temperature, it has been proposed in the past to providecooling jackets for such parts. Such arrangements have not beensatisfactory because of the difiiculty of properly cooling all partsrequiring cooling 'and because of the loss of heat from the motive iiuidto the cooling medium before the motive iluid is usefully expanded inthe turbine.

The primary object of the present invention is Y to improve upon priorforms of turbines and to provide a turbine in which high temperaturemotive uid is admittedto the inlet of the turbine blading withoutsubjecting the turbine parts adjacent to the inlet conduit to excessivetemperatures and without resorting to the use of a separate coolingagent. f

In accordance with the invention, the motive fluid supplied to theturbine is supplied thereto in separate streams, one of which is at hightemperature and the other of which is at a relatively lower temperature,the latter stream being employed,A to afford the desired protection tocertain of the turbine parts against the temperatures of the hightemperature stream of motive fluid. The two streams of motive fluid aremaintained In substantially separated state to a point adjacent to theinlet of the turbine blading and are then mixed and delivered to theblade system of the turbine for expansion therein.

The invention has particular utility in connection with gas turbines,that is, turbines intended to be operated by high temperature motivefluid consisting wholly or in part of combustion gases. It is alsoparticularly applicable to radial flow turbines ofthe type having acensuing description thereof.

tral admission chamber for motive'uid. The invention has therefore beenillustrated as embodied in radial ow turbines of the double rotationtype, although it is to be understood that in its broader aspects, theinvention is not to be 5 limited to the speciiic type of turbine hereini1- lustrated but is to include all types of turbines falling within thescope of the appended claims lwhen construed as broadly as is consistentwith the state of the prior art.

For a better understanding of the invention and of the more detailedobjects thereof, reference may be had to the accompanying drawingsforming a part of this specification and the en- In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a more or less diagrammatic longitudinal half section of adouble rotation radial flow turbine embodying the invention and Fig. 2is a similar view of another form of the 20 same type of turbine.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the reference character A represents the axisof rotation of the turbine with respect to which the turbine issubstantially symmetrical. The turbine comprises 25 two oppositehrrotating shafts Ill and II journailed in bearings I2 and I3 supported ina stationary turbine part Il. Shafts I0 and II carry at their inner endsthe turbine discs I5 and I6 respectively, these discs in turn carrying aplu- 30 rality of interleaved blade rings I1 and" I8 which form a radialilow blade system. Radially inwardly of the blade system at the inletend thereof, there is provided a central admission chamber I9 for motivefluid. Discs I5 and I6 are perforat- 35 ed as at 20 and 2l to providepassages for flow of motive uid to the centraladmission chamber I9 andthe annular shaft parts 22 and 23 are perforated at 2l and 25 to permitmotive fluid to now into the portion of the chamber I9 situated axi- 40ally between the adjacent ends of the shafts.

Leakage of motive fluid around the shafts is prevented by the shaftpackings 26 and 21 which are advantageously of the labyrinth type andwhich comprise parts iixed to the stationary tur- 45 bine parts 23 and29, respectively. Parts 28 and 29 extend in generally radial directionoutwardly from the shafts and are flanged as at 30 and 3| to support,respectively, parts 32 and 33. Parts 32 and 33 in turn support anannular outerring 50 of guide blades 34 through winch motive uid flowsfrom the blade system ofthe turbine tothe outlet chamber 35.

Parts 32 and 33 support the axially outer plates 36 and 3l of tworadially extending labyrinth 5l packings 38 and 39, the inner plates 40and 4| of which are carried by the discs I5 and I6.

The stationary turbine parts 28, 29, 32 and 33 provide'annular chambers42 and 43 and within these chambers are respectively situated the hollowdistributing members 44 and 45. The distributing members 44 and 45 arepreferably annular in form and are provided with outlets directed towardthe apertures 20 and 2| in the turbine discs. These outlets areadvantageously annular but may be divided into peripherally spacednozzles. The outlets are advantageously provided with a plurality ofguide blades 46 and i 41 for directing motive fluid in the desireddirection toward the apertures in the turbine discs.

The distributing members 44 and 45 are movably mounted with respect tothe stationary parts of the turbine and are preferably held in positionby a plurality of radially arranged studs, one of which is indicated at48. It will be observed that the distributing members are spaced fromthe walls dening the chambers 42 and 43 and the movable mounting of the'distributing members permits them to expand and contract freely underthe influence of variations in temperature.

Motive fluid may be conducted to each of the distributing chambersthrough one or a number of supply pipes, which pipes maybe arranged inthe same longitudinal plane or staggered with respect to each other. Inthe turbine illustrated, one admission pipe is shown for eachdistributing member and the admission pipes are shown in staggeredarrangement.

Each of the chambers 42 and 43 is provided with admission pipescorresponding in number and arrangement to the admission pipesdelivering motive fluid to the distributing chambers. In the arrangementshown, motive iluid is admitted to chamber 42 by the admission pipe 49,the inner end of which is secured to the flange 30 of part 28 and motivefluid is admitted to chamber 43 by pipe 50, the inner end of which issecured to the flange 3| of part 29.

In the type of turbine illustrated, the usual practice is to mountgenerators, compressors or like utilities in overhung relation from thecasing of the turbine and in the present embodiment, the casing part |4has been shown as comprising axially spaced web portions |4a and I 4bconnected by an outer cylindrical portion |4c. It will be evident,however, that this construction may be varied.

Pipes 49 and 50 extend through the portion |4cY of the casing. Expansionof these pipes relative to the casing may be compensated for by anysuitable known form of sliding joint or expansion connection.

Motive fluid is admitted to distributing chamber 44 through an admissionpipe 5| situated within and spaced from the admission pipe 49 and fixedat its inner end to the distributing member.

' Pipe 5| is advantageously centered with respect to pipe 49 by aplurality of lugs 52 fixed to one of the pipes and slidable with respectto the other to permit relative longitudinal movement between the pipes.An admission pipe 53 similar to pipe 5| and arranged within pipe 50serves to admit motive fluid to the distributing member 45.

The distributing members 44 and 45 and the admission pipes 5| and 53 aremade of heat resistant material which is capable of withstandingextremely high temperatures without deterioration. For this purpose analloy such as Silcrome, containing chromium, silicon and aluminum issuitable.

Shields 54 and 55 are preferably mounted in apertures 20 and 2|, theseshields being spaced from the walls of the apertures and advantageouslybeing made of high temperature resistant material. i

Motive fluid of relatively low temperature is supplied to the admissionconduit 49 through the inlet 56 and high temperature motive fluid issupplied through the admission pipe 5|. For purposes of illustration, anarrangement for supplying motive fluid comprising combustion gases hasbeen shown diagrammatically. In this arrangement, the inlet 56 isconnected to a suitable source of air or gas at relatively lowtemperature and fuel is injected through pipe 51 to the nozzle 58, whichfuel by combustion with the air or gas entering pipe 5| serves to heatthe gaseous medium within this pipe to a high temperature. It will beevident that insofar as the present invention is concerned, the form andarrangement of the means for supplying high temperature motive fluid topipe 5| and motive fluid of lower temperature to pipe 49 is subject towide variation. When the high temperature motive uid is produced byinternal combustion, the temperature may, for example, be from 1300 F.to 1450 F. or even higher.

It will be evident that with the above described arrangement the motivefluid is dividedy into two separate streams, one of which is heated to ahigh temperature and the other of which is at relatively lowertemperature. The high temperature stream is conducted through a conduitcomprising the pipe or pipes 5| and the distributing member 44 toadjacent the central admission chamber I9, which conduit is surroundedby the conduit formed by the admission pipe or pipes 49 and the walls ofthe chamber 42.v The motive fluid of lower temperature flows throughthis latter conduit and forms an insulating medium preventing thestationary parts of the turbine through which the inner conduit passesfrom overheating due to the high temperature motive fluid Within theinner conduit. The motive fluid in the outer conduit absorbs a certainamount of heat from the walls of the inner conduit thus tending to coolthe latter to some extent but the temperature of the motive fluid in theouter con- 'duit is maintained at a relatively low value because of therapidity of flow of fluid therethrough; 'I'he heat absorbed by themotive fluid in the outer conduit is not lost because of the fact thatthis motive fluid, together with the high temperature motive fluid, isfinally delivered to the admission chamber |9 from whence it ows throughthe blade system of the turbine.

It is of advantage to protect the labyrinth packing and the shaftpackings of the turbine from excessive temperatures and it will beevident that by the arrangement illustrated, this protection is securedthrough ow of the relatively low temperature motive fluid past the shaftpackings 26 and 21 and through the apertures 24 and 25 into the chamberI9 and by the ow of relatively low temperature motive uid past the innerends of the labyrinth packings 38 and 39 to the spaces provided betweenthe shields 54 and 55 and the adjacent portions of the walls of theapertures 20 and 2| in the turbine discs. The channels provided betweenshields 54` and 55 and the adjacent portions of the aperture wallsprovide protection for the walls of the apertures which would otherwisebe impinged by the high temperature combustion gases as they flow from'the aoeavss outlets of the distributing members into the rst blade ringof the turbine bieding.

In addition to the protection aorded to the packings in the turbine, theflow of relatively low temperature motive uld around the turbine shaftstends to minimize heat transmission through the shafts to the shaftjournals which obviously it is desirable to keep at as low'a temperatureas possible.

It will thus be evident that the arrangement described provides foreiiicient protection of those parts of the turbine which requireprotection against excessive temperatures, there being no parts of theturbine exposed to high temperature motive fluid except the special heatresistant walls of the inner conduits and the turbine blade rings. 'I'helatter are ordinarily made of material adapted to withstand temperaturescorresponding to the initial temperature of the motive uid.

'Turning now to Fig. 2, another form of turbine is illustrated in whichthe general form of construction is similar to that described' inconnection with Fig. 1. Like reference characters designate like partsin the two figures.

In the present embodiment, the admission pipes 49, 50, 5I and 53 arearranged inthe same lon gitudinal plane and the pipes and 53 instead ofbeing slidably mounted within pipes 49 and 50 are xed relative theretoand connected to the distributing members 44 and 45 by means of suitableslip joints 5S and 60 so as to permit the necessary freedom of movementto compensate for expansion and contraction of the parts.

Furthermore, in this embodiment the apertures 20 and 2l in the turbinediscs have mounted therein tubular shields 54a. and 55a which serve tocompletely protect the walls of the apertures from impingement by hightemperature motive uid and which advantageously may be shaped toprovidenozzles for directing the high ternperature motive fluid into theilrst blade ring of the blade system. This arrangement assists inpreventing the conduction of heat from the high temperature motive iluidto those rotating parts of the turbine which are not well adapted towithstand high temperatures and is particularly useful in protecting theinner shaft parts from excessive temperatures. Shields 54a and 55a aremade c-f high temperature resistant material. From the foregoing it willbe appreciated that ,with the arrangement provided by the presentinvention the only parts of the turbine proper which are exposed to theinitial temperature of,

tioned. Due to the fact that the turbine parts are well protectedagainst the' initial temperature of the motive fluid, this temperaturecan `be raised to whatever value the heat resisting material employed iscapable of withstanding and nay be above the temperature for which theblade system is designed because ofthe fact that the high temperaturemotive iluid has its temperature reduced to some extent at the inlet ofthe turbine blading by admixture therewith of the motive fluid of lowertemperature. Heat loss due to leakage through the packings consistssubstantially entirely of this low temperature fluid.

It will be understood that the high temperature motive fluid supplied tothe distributing members and the motive uid of lower temperaturesupplied to the space surrounding these chambers may be derived fromdifferent sources, in which event the inner and outer admission pipeswill be entirely separated from each other. When the two streams ofmotive uid are derived from different sources, it will be evident thatthey may comprise different gases.

The two streams of motive 'iiuid of different temperature should be atsubstantially the same pressure. It is advantageous to have the motivefluid of lower temperature at a pressure slightly in excess of thepressure of the high temperature motive uid in order to prevent apossibility of leakage of the high temperature motive uid to the spaceor spaces surrounding the channel through which it is admitted to theinlet of the turbine blading.

What is claimed is:

1. In a. turbine, stationary turbine parts, moving parts providing ablade system having an inlet for motive fluid, some of said partsproviding a chamber for full admission of motive uid to said bladesystem, a conduit for conducting high temperature motive iiuid to saidchamber and means for conducting motive uid of lower temperature to saidchamber separately from the high temperature motive iluid and in astream enveloping said conduit and insulating the parts of the turbinebetween the exterior thereof and said chamber from the high temperaturemotive fluid.

2. In aradial flow turbine having a blade system andl a centraladmission chamber for full admission of motive fluid to the inlet ofsaid blade system, means for conducting motive fluid to said centraladmission chamber comprising a conduit extending from the exterior ofthe turbine to said chamber and a second conduit enveloping the rstnamed conduit and extending from the exterior of the turbine to saidchamber, the rst mentioned conduit conducting high temperature motivefluid to said chamber and the second conduit conducting motive fluid oflower temperature .to said chamber in'an envelope protecting the turbineparts adjacent to said conduits from the heat of the high temperaturemotive uid.

3. In -a turbine, a casing, means providing a blade system having aninlet for full admission of motive iluid to moving turbine bladinglocated near the axis of rotation of the turbine, stationary turbineparts, stationary means for continuously conducting motive uid to saidblade system comprising an open unregulatedl conduit for hightemperature motive fluid extending fromthe exterior of the casing to aplace adjacent to said inlet and spaced from said stationary turbineparts, and means for continuously conducting an envelope of motive uidof lower temperature through the space between said conduit and saidstationary parts to protect the stationary parts from contact with-thehigh temperature motive uid, said conduit and said space being incommunication with said inlet adjacent thereto to permit the hightemperature motive fluid and the low. temperature motive fluid to entersaid blade system.

4. In a turblne, a casing, means providing a blade system having aninlet for full admission of motive fluid to moving turbine bladinglocated nearthe axis of rotation of the turbine, sta.- tionary turbineparts, stationary means for continuously conducting motive uid to saidlblade system comprising an open unregulated conduit for hightemperature motive fluid extending from the exterior of the casing to aplace adjacent to said inlet and spaced from said stationary turbinelparts, said conduit comprising a hollow annular distributing member formotive fluid mounted to permit freedom of expansion and contraction ofthe distributing member within the turbine casing and non-rotatablymounted with respect to said stationary parts, and means forcontinuously conducting motive fluid of lower temperature to the spacebetween said distributing member and said stationary parts, the outletsof said distributing member and of said space being in communicationwith said inlet adjacent to the inlet to permit the high temperaturemotive fluid and the low temperature motive fluid to enter said bladesystem, and said outlets being arranged so that the fluid emitted fromsaid space envelopes the fluid emitted from said member.

5. In a turbine, a blade system having an inlet adjacent to the axis ofrotation of the turbine, an outer casing, a central admission chamberfor full admission of motive fluid through said inlet to the movingblading of the turbine, stationary turbine parts defining a channel forflow of motive fluid of relatively low temperature extending from saidcasing to said chamber and a conduit within said channel and spaced fromthe walls thereof, said conduit extending to a place adjacent to saidinlet for conducting high temperature motive fluid thereto in a streaminsulated from said stationary turbine parts and enveloped by therelatively low temperature motive fluid in said channel.

6. In a turbine, a blade system having an inlet adjacent to the axis ofrotation of the turbine, an outer casing, a central admission chamberfor full admission of motive fluid through said inlet to the movingblading of the turbine, stationary turbine parts defining a channel forow of motive fluid of relatively low temperature extending from saidcasing to said chamber and a conduit within said channel and spaced fromthe Walls thereof, said conduit extending to a place adjacent to saidinlet for. conducting high temperature motive fluid thereto in a streaminsulated from said stationary turbine parts and enveloped by therelatively low temperature motive fluid in said channel, said conduitbeing movably mounted to permit expansion and contraction thereofrelative to said stationary turbine parts.

7. In a radial flow turbine having a central admission chamber, a shaft,a blade-carrying disc fixed to said shaft, stationary turbine partsaround said shaft `providing a chamber around said shaft', adistributing member for motive fluid within said second mentionedchamber and spaced from the walls thereof, a conduit for conductingmotive fluid of relatively low temperature to said second mentionedchamber, a second conduit for conducting high temperature motive fluidto said distributing' member, said second mentioned conduit being withinsaid first mentioned conduit and spaced therefrom and said secondmentioned chamber and said distributing member having outlets incommunication With said central admission chamber. v

8. In a radial flow turbine having a central admission chamber, a shaft,a blade-carrying disc fixed to said shaft, stationary turbine partsaround said shaft providing a chamber around said shaft, a distributingmember for motive fluid movably mounted Within said second mentionedchamber and spaced from the walls thereof, a conduit for conductingmotive fluid of relatively low temperature to said second mentionedchamber, a second conduit for conducting high temperature motive fluidto said distributing member, said second mentioned conduit being movablymounted within said first mentioned conduit and spaced therefrom andsaid second mentioned chamber and said distributing member havingoutlets in communication with said central admission chamber.

9. In a radial flow turbine of the double rotation type, two shaftsadapted to rotate in opposite directions, apertured turbine discscarried by said shafts, each of said discs carrying a plurality ofradial flow blade rings providing a radial flow blade system, therebeing a central admission chamber radially within said blade system,stationary turbine parts providing annular chambers around each of saidshafts and situated axially outside of said discs, the apertures in saidturbine discs providing communication between the central admissionchamber and said annular chambers, a distributing member for motivefluid situated in each of said annular chambers and spaced from thewalls thereof, conduits for delivering motive fluid of relatively lowtemperature to said annular chambers and conduits for delivering hightemperature motive fluid to said distributing members, said lastmentioned conduits being within the first mentioned conduits and spacedtherefrom and said distributing members having outlets for deliveringhigh temperature motive fluid through the apertures in said discs tosaid central admission chamber.

10. In a radial flow turbine of the double rotation type, two shaftsadapted to rotate in opposite directions, apertured turbine discscarried by said shafts, each of said discs carrying a plurality ofradial flow blade rings providing a radial flow blade system, therebeing a central admission chamber located axially between said shaftsand radially within said blade system, stationary turbine partsproviding annularchambers around each of said shafts and situatedaxially outside of said discs, said annular chambers being incommunication with said central admission chamber through apertures insaid shafts, a distributing member for motive fluid situated in each ofsaid annular chambers and spaced from the walls thereof, a conduit fordelivering motive fluid of relatively low temperature to each of saidannular chambers and a conduit for delivering high temperature motivefluid to each of said distributing members, said last mentioned conduitbeing within the first mentioned conduit and spaced therefrom and saiddistributing members having outlets for delivering high temperaturemotive fluid through the apertures in said discs to said centraladmission chamber.

11. A radial flow elastic fluid turbine comprising oppositely rotatingshafts, discs carried by each of said shafts and carrying a plurality ofblade rings forming a radial flow blade system, said discs havingapertures therein radially inwardly of said blade system and there beinga central admission chamber axially between said discs, stationaryturbine parts providing annular chambers around said shafts axiallyoutside of 'said discs, radially extendingv labyrinth packing betweensaid discs and certain of said stationary turbine parts, said labyrinthpacking being in communication with said annular chambers, distributingmembers for motive fluid mounted in each of said annular chambers andspaced from the walls thereof, means for conducting high temperaturemotive fluid to each of said distributing members and' means forconducting motive fluid of lower temperature to each of said annularchambers, said first mentioned means being within and spaced from saidsecond mentioned means, said distributing members having outlets fordirecting highftemperature motive fluid through the apertures in'saiddiscs and said annular chambers delivering motive fluid of lowertemperature through said apertures and to said labyrinth packing.

.12. In a turbine, a shaft, a blade-carrying rotor disc mounted on saidshaft and having a plurality of apertures therein for passage of motivefluid through the disc radially outwardly of said shaft to the inlet ofthe turbine blading, shields extending through said apertures and spacedfrom the walls thereof, means for supplying motive fluid of relativelylow temperature to said in-` let through said apertures to one side ofsaid shields and means for supplying high temperature motive uid to saidinlet through said apertures on the opposite side of said shields, therelatively cool motive fluid flowing through the spaces between theshields and the adjacent portions of the walls of the apertures.

13. In a turbine, a shaft, a blade-carrying rotor disc mounted on saidshaft and having a plurality of apertures therein for passage of motiveiiuid through the disc radially outwardly of said c shaft to the inletof the turbine blading, tubular shields extending through said aperturesand spaced from the walls thereof, means forsupplying high temperaturemotive fluid to said inlet through said shields, and means for supplyingmotive uid of relatively lower temperature through the spaces providedbetween the shields and the walls of said apertures.

14. In a turbine, a blade-carrying rotor dis having apertures thereinfor passage of motive uid through the disc to the inlet of the turbineblading, stationary turbine parts providing a chamber incommunicationwith said apertures for admission of motive fluid ofrelatively 10W temperature and a distributing member for hightemperature motive uid situated in said chamber and spaced from thewalls thereof, said distributing member having an outlet for discharginghigh temperature motive iiuid through said apertures and there beingguide blades in said outlet.

l5'. In a turbine, a blade system, parts forming an admission chamberfor said blade system, parts forming a second chamber for admission ofmotive uid of relatively low temperature to said admission chamber, adistributing member for high temperature motive fluid located in saidsecond chamber and spaced from the walls thereof, said distributingmember having an outlet in communication with said admission chamber andguide bladesin said outlet.

16. In a turbine, stationary turbine parts forming a chamber for motiveuid of relatively'low temperature, an admission pipe communicating withsaid chamber, a distributing member for high temperaturei'motive iiuidmovably mounted temperature, an admission pipe communicating with saidchamber, a distributing member for high temperature motive 'iiuidmovably mounted insaid chamber and spaced from the walls thereof, asecond admission pipe communicating with said distributing member, saidsecond admission pipe being fixed within said first mentioned admissionpipe and spaced therefrom, and means providing a joint permittingrelative movement between said second admission pipe and saiddistributing member. y

18. In a turbine having a central admission chamber, a shaft, ablade-carrying rotor disc on said shaft, stationary turbine parts,packing between the shaft andv the stationary parts axially to one sideof the disc, labyrinth packing between the disc and the stationaryparts, said labyrinth packing being on Athe same side of the disc as theshaft packing and means for conducting motive fluid to said centraladmission chamber comprising an inner channel for high temperaturemotive fluid and an outer channel for low temperature motive fluidenveloping the inner channel, said channels passing between saidpackings and the outer channel being in communication therewith.

19. In a radial iow turbine of the double rotation type having a centraladmission chamber, two opposltely rotatable shafts, rotor discs on saidshafts, said discs being adapted to rotate in opposite directions andcarrying blades forming a, radial ow blade system to which motive uid vis admitted from said central admission chamber,

stationary turbine parts, shaft packing between each of said shafts andsaid stationary turbine parts, labyrinth packing between each of saiddiscs and said stationary turbine parts, said discs being apertured attheir radially inner parts and means for conducting motive uid to saidcentral admission chamber through the apertures in said discs comprisinga channel for high temperature motive fluid leading from the exterior ofthe turbine to adjacent said apertures and channels for low temperaturemotive fluid extending from the exterior of the turbine to adjacent saidapertures and surrounding the rst mentioned channels whereby to insulatethe stationary turbine parts and said packings from the heat of the hightemperature motive uid. l

20. A radial flow elastic uid turbine comprising oppositely rotatingshafts, discs carried by each of said shafts and carrying a plurality ofblade rings forming a radial iow Yblade system, said discs havingapertures therein radially inwardly of said blade system and there beinga central admission chamber axially between said discs, and means forconducting motive fluid from the exterior of the turbine to saidapertures comprising inner conduits for high temperature motive uid andan outer conduit enveloping each of the inner conduits for conductinglow temperature motive uid, whereby to protect the turbine partsadjacent to the inner conduits from the heat of the high temperaturemotive fluid.

21. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a shaft and turbine bladesincluding a blade row of relatively small diameter having an inlet forfull admission of motive iuid to the turbine blading, stationary'turbineparts providing a chamber around said shaft axially to one side of saidinlet and in communication therewith, a stationary hollow distributingmember for high temperature motive fluid located in said chamber andspaced from the walls thereof, said distributing member having an outletat the side ,thereof adjacent to said inlet for supplying, said hightemperature motive fluid to the turbine blading. andA said chamberhaving an inlet for relatively low temperature motive fluid.

22. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a shaft and turbine bladingincluding a blade row of relatively small diameter having an inlet forfull admission of motive fluid to the turbine blading, stationaryturbine parts providing a chamber around said shaft axially to one sideof said inlet and in communication therewith, a hollow distributingmember for high temperature motive fluid located in said chamber andspaced from the walls thereof, said distributing member having an outletat the side thereof adjacent to said inlet for supplying said hightemperature motive fluid to the turbine blading and said chamber havingan inlet for relatively low temperature motive uid, and radiallyextending stationary guide blades for guiding motive iluid dischargedfrom the outlet of said distributing member.

23. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a shaft and turbine bladingincluding a blade row of relatively small diameter having an inlet forfull admission of motive fluid to the turbine blading, stationaryturbine parts providing a chamber around said shaft axially to one sideof said inlet and in communication therewith, packing around the shaftfor preventing leakage of fluid from said chamber, and a hollowdistributing member for high temperature fluid located in said chamberand spaced from the walls thereof. said distributing member having anoutlet at the side thereof adjacent to said inlet for supplying saidhigh temperature motive fluid to the turbine blading, and said chamberhaving an inlet for admitting relatively low temperature motive uid tothe space in said chamber around said distributing member whereby toprotect said stationary turbine parts and said packing from the heat ofthe high temperature motive fluid in the distributing member.

24. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a shaft and turbine bladingincluding a blade row of relatively small diameter having an inlet forfull admission of motive fluid to the turbineblading, stationary turbineparts providing a chamber around said shaft axially to one side of saidinlet and in vcommunication therewith, a stationary hollow annulardistributing member for high temperature motive fluid located in saidchamber and extending around said shaft and spaced from the walls of thechamber and from the shaft, said distributing member having an outlet atthe side thereof adjacent to said inlet for supplying said hightemperature motive Iiuid to the turbine blading and said chamber havingan inlet for admitting relatively low temperature motive iluid to thespace in said chamber around said distributing member whereby to protectsaid stationary turbine parts from the heat of the high temperaturemotive fluid in the distributing member. y

ALF LYSHOLM.

